Disaster Is Different Around The World Essays - Tropical Cyclone

Disaster Is Different Around The World Disaster is Different Around The World The purpose of this paper is to show the difference between the way the United States faces a disaster and the way Central America handles a disaster. In 1992 we faced the costliest hurricane to hit the United States in history. In 1998 Central America was rocked by fourth strongest hurricane ever. Though both were huge disasters our perception of a hurricane might be a little different than someone living in Latin America. As previously stated, Central America was hit by a train. And this train had a name?.Mitch. The storm was formed off the coast of Africa and gained strength in the open ocean. When Mitch came ashore on October 29th it had sustained winds of 180mph and unknown gust velocity. It crept slowly inland and dumped record amounts of rainfall in a short period of time. The countries most effected by the hurricane were ; Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Belize. As of December 2, 1998 the number of confirmed deaths was 5,642 with 8,050 still missing. People injured in the storm counted 12,272. Over 1,199,000 people were displaced. With more than 100,000 homes destroyed (UN Situation Report par.9). Over 2,000 people were swept away by mudslides on the Casitas volcano when in one week in October more rain fell than in the previous three years combined. Governments were overwhelmed by the need of supplies. The cost to Honduras alone was well over 4 billion dollars. With over 70% of the food crops destroyed help was needed very badly, but with communication down and 90% of roads washed away it was hard to supply villages deep inland (USAToday online #1 par. 14). When the Hurricane first came ashore there was very little anyone could do but hold on to something, anything. No place was safe. Central American countries are some of the poorest in the world and a hurricane proof shelter is hard to find. Most people grabbed what they could and headed for the hills. That idea was not always good because then there was a risk of mudslides. After the major part of the storm was over people returned to their homes to find nothing at all. The government did all they could to help but that wasn't much. Huge towns of plastic tents were constructed. Aid groups came in with food which was hard to come by. There was never enough. In some regions schools and factories were shut down to house and feed the injured. Unemployment soared to a huge 60% due to the lack of places left standing. The government started hiring people to clear roads and public areas. The pay was a whopping 10 dollars a week but that is better than not having a job at all. Analysis shows that rebuilding bridges across the damaged areas could take almost four years(USAToday#1 par.6). Deepening poverty is almost certain. Another thing which is huge problem is the health risks associated with this type of disaster. The destruction and contamination of the fresh water is one of the main things. Another is raw sewage being in the rivers and streams which can spread many diseases. The most common right now in Central America is; diarrhea, skin diseases, acute respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, and a few cases of Leptospirosis. Due to the fact that all these diseases are there makes fewer people want to help in the clean up effort(USAToday#2 par. 11). On August 24, 1992 the United States was hit by the costliest hurricane in U.S. history. Andrew was his name and like Mitch it was a very deadly storm. It had 145mph winds and gusts up to 175mph. Unlike Mitch, Andrew only killed 41 people and destroyed over 100,000 homes(Terry par.#1). Residents who lived in the hills of Central America and had no warning of the approaching hurricane while everyone in Florida and the surrounding areas knew for two days that a hurricane was headed in their direction. In the case with Andrew the Red Cross already had shelters set up and more volunteers on the way to help. American's being a giving people sent contributions and other supplies to Floridians to help with the recovery effort(Terry

Mr. Obama and Iran

Mr. Obama and Iran Free Online Research Papers Two editorials by The New York Times discuss the talks that the Obama administration has planned with Iran; â€Å"Mr. Obama and Iran† does not explain thoroughly how Washington should interfere but in the other article â€Å"Talk to Iran. Then What†, it states that there is all this talk about having ’talks’ with Iran but nothing specific has been planned and imposes the question of how much should we compromise to come to an agreement. In the editorial titled â€Å"Mr. Obama and Iran†, the editor writes that former president Bush failed policies in Iran has led them very close to mastering the skills needed to build a nuclear weapon- the skill of mastering nuclear fuel production. The writer backs up his claim by stating that Iran’s scientist have already advanced by putting a satellite in orbit which is a huge sign that their missile program is moving forward. His other claim is that there has to be a mixture of incentives and sanctions to take away Iran’s nuclear ambitions. He goes on to say that the Bush administration never made any attempts to offer the Iranian government any incentives. However, he gives no evidence to support that for sure that Bush never made any attempts. His opinion is that the agenda for talks will be much easier if it included Afghanistan and Iraq. The editor shows very strong evidence that in the past, in 1998 Iran’s fundamentalist Shiite government almost went to war with Afghanistan’s own fundamentalist Taliban. The U.S. interfered and forced the Taliban to back out, with the help from Tehran helping Washington make a new Afghanistan government. However this plan didn’t end up working because there were accusations that the Iranians were supporting the Taliban’s to keep the Americans off their radar. The Osama administration needs to remind Iran again that it is in their best interest that Iraq is defeated and for the Afghanistan’s to be more stabilized. In the other article published by the New York Times as well, the writer comments that Obama’s presidential campaign came up with specific tactics to prevent Iran from its nuclear weapon plans but failed to answer the important questions such as: â€Å"What should the United States demand when it finally talks with Iran? And when Iran rejects our opening position, how much should we compromise to come to a deal?†(Rademaker). He supports this by putting out the fact that in the past Iran has rejected the United Nations, insisting that Iran suspend their nuclear plans to enrich uranium. The Obama administration will probably propose this negotiation again and Iran will likely reject it again. â€Å"So what then?† is the question (Rademaker). He explains that Congress will ask themselves: Are we demanding too much? He argues that time is definitely on Iran’s side because they had 164 centrifuges in 2006 and now they have about 5,000. So the question is â€Å"How can we cut the best deal now, even if it allows Iran to continue enriching?†. He says that critics will propose two fallbacks if Iran doesn’t agree the first time: allowing enrichment but at the same time using international safeguards that can spot the development of nuclear weapons, or proposing that uranium be only used for multinational programs operated by various countries. The problem with this proposal is that the countries near that regions around Iran will demand the same treatment, but that would not be a good thing especially if countries like Syria that is not friendly to Americans, will enrich uranium as much as they can. Stephen Rademaker concludes his editorial by saying that if Obama finds a way to obtain a negotiation with Iran, that may be his one of his greatest achievements during his presidency . In conclusion I feel that the second article by Stephen Rademaker is much more convincing because he gives more specific evidence to back up his opinion. For instance, he writes that Washington as well as the Obama campaign have made statements that there will be talks to with Iran to prevent them from pursuing their nuclear interests but the question of what kind of talks has not been answered. While reading the first article, I was expecting more information, I felt as if I only read a part of the article. Rademaker’s editorial asks the question of what kind of demands will the United States impose if it rejects once again, the limitation or uranium enrichment. Another example where he uses specific examples is if the United Nations and the United States allow Iran to enrich uranium, in any way, it will be impossible to deny surrounding countries the same treatment. The weakness of this editorial, however, asks too many questions which leaves the reader confused as to if it is supposed to be for the reader or it is the editors own questions. The strengths are the explanation with statements that can be verified, because they actually happened in the past. That is the editors main argument- that Washington should come up with other proposals that have not been rejected in the past to ensure a compromise with Iran. In the first article, the editor writes, â€Å"We don’t know if there is any mixture of incentives or sanctions that can wean Iran of its nuclear ambitions†¦But we are certain that the Bush Administration never tried to find it†(Mr. Obama and Iran). While that may be true, it is something that Americans already know. It is still clear that there is still disagreements with the United States and Iran so there is no need of a reminder. Instead the editor should have explained how the Obama Administration can learn from Bush Administration and propose what kind of talks should occur. The article is concluded with, â€Å"Mr. Obama can make a compelling argument that it is in Iran’s strategic interest to join negotiations intended to guarantee Iraq’s long-term stability and sovereignty†(Mr. Obama and Iran). However there isn’t an elaboration on that. Although both articles are well written the one that convinces me the most is â€Å"Talk to Iran. Then What?† because it is more persuasive. The author does his research to prove his point. The other article I feel, just states facts things the public already knows. His opinion I believe is something that has been already heard on the news and on the radio. Stephen Rademaker gives a different point of view to his audience. Regardless if the reader disagrees with his opinion, his article is more likely to be chosen as more credible because the author shows he knows what he is talking about. â€Å"Mr. Obama and Iran†. The New York Times. 9 Feb. 2009: A22. Rademaker, Stephen. â€Å"Talk to Iran. Then What?†. The New York Times. 9 Feb. 2009: A21. Research Papers on "Mr. Obama and Iran"American Central Banking and OilMy Writing ExperienceThe Equal Rights AmendmentCash or Card?Global Distributive Justice is UtopianGene One the Transition from Private to PublicProject Management 101Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Ida B. Wells-BarnettDistance Learning Survival GuideCo-Educational vs. Single Sex Schools

Summarises the themes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summarises the themes - Essay Example The position seemed extremely painful and the body must have been subjected to excruciating pain through this activity. Considering this position, watching from above, the soul was extremely angry. The anger became stronger and stronger; however, he was powerless and could not do anything but watch. He screamed and shouted to let his body free and not subject it to such horrific activities. He would become quiet and listen to what they had to say and what they plan to do next and then start screaming again for mercy. After being subjected to this level of misery and not being able to do anything about it, he gave up. Once he gave up he found that everything changed. He now found himself in a place which was far away from this dreadful scene. He found peace and beauty from where he was now present. The environment was serene which left his speechless. He found himself floating in an area where there were beautiful rainbows and delicate beings. Everywhere he looked there were colors and sounds that were soothing to the ear. At once he forgot the pain he was being subjected and became lost in this beautiful world. The place seems timeless and he wanted it never to go away. The beauty was never ending, could be seen till far. In white robes, loving being welcomed him to his new home. He found them to be caring and helped him cross over to the next world. He left behind all pain and sorrow to be become a part of this new beautiful world. The being circled around him to show him that they were present at all times to comfort him and help him. The environment was such that all transparent clouds were blended together to bring about the beautiful scenario. The joy and happiness was unmatchable. It was serene and it was at once understood that it is only God who can create such an environment. The beings circling around him were sent by God to guide him into the right direction. His suffering was finally over and now he could become a part of this beautiful

Reflective Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective Portfolio - Essay Example This reflection has been drawn from my experiences from working in a group with fellow classmates who have different character traits, seeing how I fit in and respond to various situations and consequently the end result of our working together. My ability to form judgments on these various areas has been drawn from reading scholarly work by Kolb on learning styles; along with Belbin’s Self-Perception Inventory. Ultimately, the learning process will have been improved as I will able to consider what I have learnt and relate it to my personality as I endeavor to get into the job market and this knowledge will help me better myself as a student with my career in mind; thus achieve professional development. Section I: Intrapersonal Effectiveness In establishing my effectiveness in an organizational setting, I have sought out reference for such knowledge from Kolb’s work on learning styles. Kolb explores the theory of experiential learning to determine how this knowledge im proves learning in higher education. He establishes that this theory is based on six propositions that are shared by the scholars who have previously researched the issue. The first is that learning is best actualized as a process not in terms of outcomes, where students should be engaged so as to get feedback and examine effectiveness of their learning efforts. Education should then be looked at as having the same goal and process of reconstructing experiences continuously. Looking into my personal learning experiences through this unit, I have come to see that I am a visual learner where illustrations such as charts and diagrams help me understand a concept better and remember it later on. Effective learning is achieved through repeating the process whilst adding new ideas, knowledge that are then examined, tested and combined to previous material. All this should be done with the student’s beliefs and ideas on a topic being explored. This second proposition is essential as it allows for refinement of the entire learning process to ensure it is beneficial to each student (Kolb& Kolb 2005, p.194). Personally, this became clear in the course of this unit where I discovered that developing a relation to every new topic with a previous one allows for integration in my mind. This means that I can create a mental picture of the whole unit with each topic in perspective. The usefulness of this proposition is that allows a student to be adaptable and embracing to new topics that may be challenging, which is a crucial intrapersonal skill. Practiced over time, this relearning process will enable me to always be willing to discover and seek out new information and work-related skills that will in turn help me excel in my career. The third proposition involves getting equipped with conflict-resolving skills as learning involves interacting with opposing modes of adaptation to the world that result in differences, disagreements and conflicts. One should thus be pr epared to engage in fruitful contentions in styles of reflection, thinking and feeling. Through this course, I have realized that even though business shares several universal principles every entrepreneur will have a different viewpoint on which principle surpasses the rest. For instance, I believe that when I decide to

The Walt Disney Method Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Walt Disney Method - Research Paper Example He is achievements are evidenced by the creation of a successful business empire that holds its basis on the creativity he developed together with ideas. Disney’s innovative method of working remains relevant until the date and a majority of organizations still emulate the process referred to as Disney approach although it took a further development from Robert Dilts. The paper, therefore, examines Walt Disney approach as well as its usage in professional practice. The method is based on creativity with the aim directed at achieving a result that borrows from the best ideas through the elimination of the unimportant ones in the creativity process. The technique is based on Disney’s success where he managed in turning what appears as fantasies into ideas. Robert Dilts further developed the creativity technique of Disney to achieve the heights of a national language processing tool where companies across the American population perceived the method as essential in enhanci ng in achievement of organizational goals and strategies (Unamuno et al., 2007, pg 67). Organizations borrowed and still continue to borrow from the method, to enhance in presented well revised and coordinated set of ideas before embarking on any project. The most important point from Disney towards the development of the method relates looking at an issue from a different perspective as well as including all those ideas in the conclusion. Whenever Disney developed an idea for a film prepared for the public.  

Barriers to Accessing Reproductive Healthcare

Barriers to Accessing Reproductive Healthcare Hina Mirza As a part of Reproductive Health Course year III BScN, for community clinical we went to karimabad colony to assess family needs related to health. There I visit one family that I choose as my secondary client. After assessing different dimension of health when it comes to Reproductive health assessment, I took initiative by asking about normal menstrual cycle of the mother and her daughter as both were alone in the room. The mother told me that she has reached to menopause and the girl who is 22 year old was having normal Menstrual cycle. Further I proceed to another concern that has been came into noticed is leucorrhea; Studies shows that the prevalence of leucorrhea in Pakistan is very high which is 12%. (Chris Kenyon, 2013). The girl nod the head into yes while responding to me but her facial expression seems to be anxious towards me. I tried to dig on to this query which I had in mind that whether the girl has any concern related to reproductive issue which she thinks needs to t reated. After completing my question I made an efforts to ask more questions but it seems difficult for me when it comes to reproductive health because I was not confident and familiar with the vocabulary that is used in reproductive health and on the other hand it was my first interaction with that family so I don’t want to invade their privacy or make them feel uncomfortable. As soon as I finished my part the mother stated that â€Å"Yes, she complaint sometimes about discharge that is irritating and smelly and in addition to it some burning sensation in perineal area, might be she is having infection†. Afterwards I wanted to ask to the girl about characteristics of discharge and sexual behaviors that lead to infection as stated by her mother but suddenly, her Father came into the room and I stopped myself from asking more about it because I feel that it will bother her to talk about it in front of her father as well as I lost my confidence level in this particular c omponent of health, in terms of privacy. Moreover, she also felt uncomfortable and tried to change the topic. When I reflect back the situation, I feel I should not discontinue the topic because the girl might have some serious issue related to the discharge and there might be some reproductive health concerns that were in her mind. That is why when I asked her about the discharge, she respond to it so anxiously and promptly and it seems like that she wanted to share something with me. When I analyze at my part, that why this incident happened to me was firstly, due to lack of confidence in dealing with reproductive concerns of the client. According to Literature, â€Å"More general predisposition, such as comfort and confidence, that might influences nurses openness to dealing with patient sexuality† (Cort et al., 2001) Secondly, my own sociocultural barriers that how should I invade someone else privacy and also client’s perception that they might have while discussing such stuff. This made me overprotective for the conversation supported by the literature that â€Å"The first line of inquiry culminates in the classification of nurses as liberal or conservative in their views about specific sex-related behaviors† moreover according to literature, Reproductive health is not openly discussed in many cultures of the world and that is why client hesitate to raise questions and concern related to these issues with their health care provider (Tsai. Y, 2004). Thirdly, the communication problem contributes major part to this incident, it seems difficult for me to decide what best vocabulary and way of communication enable health care provider to make client understand about the main focus of the discussion evident by literature that â€Å"Communication about health and sexuality often differs by ethnicity, age, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and sexual o ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­rientation. Communication patterns can form serious obstacles to care†( Moss.T, 2004) Lastly, if I look at the surrounding one more barrier in discussion was privacy factor because of her father came into the room and that made me hold back the discussion. Few of the things that I could have done so that I can help out the patient at that time related to their reproductive health issues by maintaining my confidence level by increasing competency in reproductive health nursing before visiting the client. According to the article, Nurses’ state that they do not initiate to assess reproductive health of client due to insufficient knowledge regarding problem that patient might raise during conversation (Magnan.M et al., 2005). In addition to it I could have kept my sociocultural barriers aside and making client needs as priority because reproductive concerns are majorly remain unaddressed and it has been observed that client wait and expect health care provider to initiate these topics. â€Å"Although patient have said that discussion with nurses is appropriate and that they would prefer having nurses initiate the discussion† (Magnan.M et al., 2005). Last but not the least if her father came into the room I could have been st op for a while but after seeing appropriate time I should have made the first move to ask her about her reproductive concern or if still she is uncomfortable I could tell her to talk to me in privacy, may be in other room or as she prefer. As evident by literature â€Å"Lack of confidentiality is often a barrier to the delivery of health care services, especially reproductive health care, for adolescents† (Committee on Adolescent Health Care, 2010) To conclude if this kind of scenario ever happens again the experience will facilitate me to boost up my confident by making me realize my mistake of neglecting one patient’s health. Besides this by gaining more competencies in vocabulary, knowledge and communication pattern in reproductive health will help me to address the client needs and initiate the concerns in which client face difficulty to elaborate. References Kenyon, C., Colebunders, R., Crucitti, T. (2013). The global epidemiology of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review. American Journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 209(6), 505-523. Tsai, Y. (2004). Nurses’ facilitators and barriers for taking a sexual history in  Taiwan. Applied Nursing Research, 17(4), 257-264. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2004.09.011 M,T. (2004). Barriers to Health Care for Youth of Color. Retrieved from http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/publications-a-z/705- barriers-to-health-care-for-youth-of-color Committee Opinion(460). (2010). Retrieved from The American College of obstetricians and Gynecologists womens health care physicians website: http://www.acog.org/~/media/Committee Opinions/Committee on Adolescent Health Care/co598.pdf?dmc=1ts=20140501T1128433150 Magnan,M.A., Reynolds,K.E., Galvin,E.A. (2005). Barriers to Addressing Patient Sexuality in Nursing Practice.MEDSURG NURSING,14(5). Retrieved from http://www.kc-courses.com/fundamentals/week15diversitygrief/barriers.pdf

Logocentricity or Difference :: essays research papers

In many academic and scientific investigations there are three stages of development. The first involves the identification of the subject or phenomenon under investigation. The second involves establishing a theory or hypothesis to explain the nature and characteristics of whatever is to be investigated. In the third phase the investigator seeks to apply theory to some procedure of analysis, perhaps in the form of a practical application of knowledge to a range of tasks. What is the "subject" of the present study? It is not some clearly defined topic such as the behaviour of a certain kind of animal or the molecular structure of certain chemicals. The subject is a verbal phenomenon, or - to be very cautious - a possible verbal phenomenon. Do the titles of poems by Goethe and the German Romantics in which the word "Wandrer" occurs and do occurrences of the verb "to wander" in English poetry reflect the same phenomenon? By way of an analogy with a court case, I will call a number of witnesses and first among them, translators who rendered the German "Wand(e)rer" in the titles of German poetic works as "Wanderer" in English. In fact William of Norwich's translation of Goethe's "Der Wandrer" actually exerted a demonstrable influence on William Wordsworth, affecting his use of the word "Wanderer" in his own poetry. "Wanderer's Night-Songs" demonstrates that for Longfellow the English word "Wanderer" Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's rendition of the title "Wandrers Nachtlied" as captured better than any other the sum total effect of the word "Wand(e)rer" in Goethe's poem. To the second class of witness belong critics who apply the word "Wanderer" or a form of verb "to wander" to their critical evaluations, evidently locating the same nexus of themes and problems whether they are writing about German or English poetry. Two critics have in my view already identified the phenomenon with which I am concerned - Professor L. A.Willoughby in his discussions of Goethe's poetry and Geoffrey H. Hartman in his discussions of English romanticism. Their conclusions overlap when they refer to the main protagonist in Goethe's Faust drama as a "Wanderer". I see my task in integrating and correlating their arguments and insights, and to do this with any degree of objectivity I discuss at some length J. Tynjanov's theories concerning "the Word" in poetry. I also attempt to avoid any monocausal explanation of the phenomenon identified by myself and others (though my perception of the scope of this phenomenon is wider than in the c ase of the two scholars I have mentioned).

What Do You Think Makes a Good Manager?

Kuznetsova Ksenia What do you think makes a good manager? What are the main functions of a manager according to Peter Drucker? Manager is the person who organizes and coordinates the activities of the rest of the staff. The importance of a good manager can’t be overestimated. First of all, a good manager is a leader, a respected, professional and strong-willed person who can motivate inspire and lead people. Great managers accept blame that means that they are fully responsible for their team.They understand the importance of developing – both their subordinates and themselves. In that case I think that good managers make themselves redundant. They always learn something new and acquire useful information from the outside world so as to get the right experience. A good manager is competent: he knows the job perfectly as well as the work of subordinates. Most of the time manager works in a team, so it’s vital to be friendly and sociable and have good communication skills.They have to be persuasive and to convince people to do things like forming teams even those who are responsible for performing individual jobs. Moreover good managers have empathy – the ability to step in someone else’s shoes – because they are good listeners. They are open and always ready to discuss and solve problems. As the managers have to measure the performance of the staff they should give praise if the objectives set for the organization as a whole and for each individual member of it are being achieved. A good manager judges on merit..So managers who regularly give praise are in much stronger position to criticize or reprimand poor performance. In that case it won’t be taken as personal dislike. Good managers are not afraid of others people strengths. Furthermore, good managers encourage employees to use their own initiative, to take decisions on their own. This process is called empowerment. As the result decision making becomes more d ecentralized and less bureaucratic. However, managers should still keep the control of the operations, otherwise their authority could be undermined.As a good manager is a good leader, one should be visible and accusable, provide a clear mission and show what the company’s values are. According to Peter Drucker there are 5 main functions of a manager. First of all, managers set objectives and decide how the organization can achieve them Secondly, managers organize. This involves allocating resources especially human resources so that the overall objectives can be attained. Thirdly, managers communicate objectives to the people responsible for attaining them and motivate the staff.They coordinate and supervise the work of their subordinates. Fourthly, managers evaluate how well company’s objectives are being met. Lastly, managers develop people. Unfortunately not every manager can combine all these characteristics and skills. I consider that the management is more an ar t than a science. First of all a good manager have at least basic flair for leadership so that they can develop their skills. However, not all of them will be able to put management techniques into practice. Others will lack good ideas. Outstanding managers are rather rare.

Herland essays

Herland essays Herland is the story of three men who stumble upon a society populated entirely by women. This culture is superior in virtually all ways to the world of the men. The narrator of the book is one of the visiting men , and he is constantly in awe of the perfection of the country. In writing Herland , Gilman attempted to address the problems that go hand in hand with gender roles. By creating a female utopia, Gilman shows the flaws in our society created from these distinct roles. She takes the women of Herland and creates an atmosphere where no men exist , and where women live in harmony and sisterhood. She draws a picture of what she thinks an ideal unisex society would be like, and shows what happens when men are brought into such a society. (Clemons 1) The Herlanders have invented a language which is both easy to learn and beautiful. Tammy Clemons states that Without learning the language of the Herlanders , Van, the books narrator, would not be able to tell their story. Gilman was obviously aware of the power of language to shape and reflect society, and in creating this utopian vision, she acknowledges that a language invented solely by women would possess very different qualities than a language of a patriarchal origin. By learning the language of Herland Van is empowered to become educated about the Herland culture and preferred style of education. He comes from a world in which education is regimented into its respective buildings, grades and classes, thus preparing children for the inevitable hierarchy they encounter as adults. He is surprised to hear that the children of Herland love to challenge their minds and bodies. He understands why for each generation of Herland the intelligence of the women surpasses the intelligence of the previous Herlanders have no concept of worship, no eternal punishment , and no fixed, unalterable religious dogma. (Gilm...

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Example

Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Example Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Computing in civil engineering proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering Essay Essay Surveies of building direction reference the phenomena of building jobs and research the nature of building engineering. Manufacturing engineerings are categorized into mass. unit and uninterrupted procedure of productions. Construction engineering is classified as a unit production through contrasting building activities and fictions. Although the efficiency of building engineering is low in footings of unit production. it is associated with benefits such as nothing stocks and flexibleness. This study provides a description of materials/techniques used in the current building of modern domestic belongingss. industrial unit belongingss. their comparing and critical analysis of the public presentation of edifice constructions. It besides encompasses on the rules used by builders to execute their maps. features and behavior of internal stuffs used in the building. Peoples have been looking for efficient production systems since the industrial revolution. However. most undertakings are still built under traditional manner of one-of-a-kind production. Application of IT in building has besides failed to bring forth the intended consequences. Therefore. nature of building engineering needs to be understood more in order to explicate inefficiencies that are environing the engineering and theory that solves the building jobs ( Sarkar 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Daft ( 2004 ) . engineering refers to the tools. machines. actions and techniques used in transforming organisational information and stuffs ( input ) into merchandises and services ( end product ) . 1. 0 Construction engineering It involves the survey of building techniques to successfully accomplish the design of the construction with the recommended specifications ( Sabnis. 2011 ) . It includes impermanent work and survey of building equipment needed to ease the building procedure. The recent tendency is towards building taller and lighter edifices. In order to accomplish such edifices. sophisticated equipment demands to be employed in the building procedure. 1. 1 Current building techniques/materials The current methods of building provide of import benefits to developers and lodging governments which reduces the accent of on-site activity. This standard is of import peculiarly in the clip of increasing demand of an already stretched labour force. Any new execution of making things is faced with hazards. but such hazards can be mitigated through holding good planning and undertaking direction. Yvette Cooper. a planning and lodging curate quoted. â€Å"people must guarantee that the new places they are building are low-cost to the following coevalss. † This study shows that it is easier to construct cheaper and faster utilizing modern building techniques whilst maintaining high quality of traditional methods. 1. 1. 1 Modern methods of building ( MMC ) Modern techniques of building houses developed every bit early as 1945 after WWII. it was used by most of the developed states such as Germany during edifices fiction after WWII. Later these techniques spread in many states and they are normally used in India during the building procedure. As engineering. building cognition and fabrication procedures increase so make the figure of available methods of house building increases to house builders. Modern Method of building is a aggregation of new comparatively building techniques aimed at offering advantages over traditional methods ( Altenbach. 2013 ) . Conventionally. this is an country pioneered by ego builders. largely in footings of sustainable building. As developers’ sticks continually to the proved building techniques that satisfy purchaser demand. self builders have been willing to research. attempt and put something different so as to accomplish single places that meet their demand. In an attempt of increasing lodging demand. deficit of accomplishments and the set marks by Code of sustainable places. many authoritiess are promoting the house-building sector to develop and utilize MMC technique in an effort to run into these challenges. Most of these modern building techniques evolved from their traditional predecessors. Techniques such as structural insulated panels ( SIPS ) and thin joint systems with Air Crete blocks are portion of the on traveling development of lumber frame and masonry building ( Kuzio 2009 ) . Other familiar techniques have developed in the larger scale commercial building. This has brought options with interesting qualities of house edifice. Development of steel frame systems and unmoved concrete techniques led to the development of insulated concrete signifiers ( ICF ) . 1. 1. 2 Advantages of modern methods of building Reduced impact on occupants and consequence of conditions on production Controlled industry and decreased fuel ingestion and breaks as a consequence of fewer stuffs delivered. Reduced building defects and clip consumed. High quality edifices 1. 1. 3 Modern domestic belongingss 1. 1. 4 Illustrations Larger building constituents can be incorporated into either MMC homes or conventionally built. They are non full lodging ‘systems. ’ but they are factory made or site-assembled. This class comprises of the undermentioned constituents and sub-assemblies. This involves a series of assembled constituents and pre-fabricated land beams to organize speedy and accurate foundations ( Koerner 2005 ) . These are pre-fabricated panels designed specifically for floor building. Fewer on-site labor hours are needed per square metre of floor. and the decreased work at highs has safety and possible wellness benefits ( Hearn 2012 ) . It involves designed pre-fabricated panels specifically for pitched roofs. These panels are really stiff which are designed to go forth the loft free of props and prances. therefore leting easy production of ‘room’ in the building of the roof. These roof cassettes make the edifice become H2O weight more rapidly than cut roof buildings or conventional tied balk. These are roofs assembled at land degree before the shell of the home is constructed. It can be craned into topographic point instantly the superstructure is in topographic point hence making a conditions tight construction more rapidly instead than piecing the roof in situ ( Corum Scotland 2010 ) . Factory made dormers are used to rush up the roof watertight doing procedure. Pre-fabricated lightweight chimney tonss made from mills are mounted on the roof construction without utilizing masonry fluke. therefore doing them suited for building of a lightweight frame. These chimney tonss can suit flue line drives therefore working with burning contraptions. Wiring looms Cabling systems are manufactured in a manner that they can rapidly be assembled with comparatively unskilled labor. They are made of assorted lengths terminated with stoppers that are plugged into sockets and other electrical points ( Quinn 2008 ) . Standards are critical stairss from development and research to marketplace acceptance. Today. many industries are faced non merely with pull offing technological development March. but besides with force per unit areas of how to make so cost-effectively. expeditiously and with environmental and public safety being in head. The visual aspect. energy efficiency. component stuffs and habitable structures’ environmental impacts have dramatically changed over the last few old ages. This is as a consequence of successful standardisation of procedures. new stuffs and engineerings. This subdivision provides a sample of more late developed shows and building engineerings. which has been facilitated by proviso of the needed criterions by ASTM international’s proficient commissions. These criterions have swept off engineerings of new building to the pulling board and into the presently built environment. A Building’s Skin 5488940117475Exterior Insulation and Finishing Systems ( EIFS ) were used in Germany after WW II to resurface edifices that were damaged by the struggle depredations. They are lightweight. systems of multi-layer barrier that helps in maintaining wet from outer walls. With several constituents. from foam insularity panels fastened to the base and a substrate coat. to the coating coat and reenforcing mesh. EIFS is a complex system with stuffs required to link successfully for old ages so as to maintain wet at bay ( Baronial 2011 ) . EIFS criterions development has been the cardinal function of ASTM international Committee E06 on buildings’ public presentation since 1990’s. Their subcommittee E06. 58 on completing systems and exterior insularity published its first EIFS criterion. trial methods used in finding interrupting strength tensile of reenforcing mesh of glass fiber. This publication was for usage in category PB completing systems and exterior insularity. after it was exposed to sodium hydroxide solution in 2000. Stone masonry Veneer 548894093980The design freedom and cost nest eggs offered by the merchandises of rock masonry veneer have led to their increased usage in architectural undertakings. In comparing to natural rock. manufactured stone veneers can be exactly colored. reinforced with steel. and have a predictable and lasting life. The visual aspect consistence of the manufactured merchandises makes insistent usage of stuffs as a trim or ornament economically executable. Additionally. older constructions can be renovated with manufactured veneer rocks that replicate the deteriorating stone’s visual aspect ( Gunn 2012 ) . It is a engineering in which sealant adhesives are used to attach the glass to a edifice. In the last 20years. structural glazing has experienced exponential growing. It has been in usage in industrial building and other metropolis edifices all over the universe. Wood-plastic Complexs Since 1990s. recycled plastic and wood waste has been used as environmentally friendly and economic options for decks. Components such as cladding. railings. casting. turnout and trim. door frames and window ; and constructions such as little park benches. Concrete. which have been in usage for a long clip in building of roads and constructions is developing in a manner that make it less expensive. more varied. safer. easier usage and even more environmentally friendly. For illustration. a self-consolidating concrete that flows into signifiers was proposed in 1980s’ theory by a Nipponese scientist. It has late become feasible as it used in infrastructural undertakings around the universe. It belongingss are achieved by using high-range-water-reducing mixtures ; it increases the entire measure of mulcts using alloies that modify its plastic province viscousness ( Li 2011 ) . The advanced edifice enclosures’ design relies less on past successful case in points than usage of edifice scientific discipline. This is a consequence of alterations in methods and stuffs ensuing from constructing invention engineering. Earlier edifice enclosures were merely expected to supply a grade of environmental separation and be lasting. but the recent constructions must turn to issues like twenty-four hours illuming. energy efficiency. fire safety. thermic comfort. and indoor air quality and C footmark ( Grondzik 2008 ) . In half a century ago. wall public presentation demands were outlined which are now applicable to all constituents and enclosure systems. The following are the major considerations that were identified: Rigidity and strength Control of heat flow Control of air flow Control of H2O vapor flow Liquid H2O control motion Durability and stableness of stuffs Fire. aesthetic considerations and cost Since the clip of Hutcheon. extra aims such as environmental impact consideration associated with edifice stuffs and methods and the demand to supply secure and safe edifices have been adopted. The acceptable demands of wall public presentation were inexplicit within traditional stuffs and methods of building. With the modern edifice scientific discipline coming. they have become more expressed in response to technological invention. The tabular array below summarizes the demands of modern-day public presentation and their corresponding appraisal parametric quantities. Moderator versus centrifuge A critical rule used in constructing scientific discipline involves the difference between moderateness versus environmental separation. For illustration. fire and smoke control motion is a scheme that attempts to wholly separate fire and fume from the indoor environment. The attack employs a fire-related assembly that to the full controls escape of fume by virtuousness of the building of its airtight and in some instances. the air pressures’ control between compartmentalized infinites. Moderation involves a scheme where the difference between outdoor and indoor badness environments is moderated within the tolerable threshold. For illustration. heat transportation control does non seek to minimise the rate to zero. but to a degree that satisfies energy efficiency. comfort demands. and the control of wetting/condensation. The following tabular array summarizes the cardinal control schemes for constructing enclosures’ design. which is involved in moderateness scheme. A reappraisal of the corresponding control schemes and physical phenomena indicates the control of wet migration is of the most of import control map that needs to be addressed by interior decorators. Problems of wet in edifices are common and vary loosely in effects and types. These effects range from decorative defects to structural failure and in some instances the occupants’ wellness can be affected adversely as in the instance of cast growing taking to respiratory and allergic jobs. 2. 0 Range of building signifiers 2. 1 Provision and entree of internal division of infinites within edifices Service integrating should be jointly considered by the architect/designer. service and structural applied scientists. The interface between the cloth and the construction together with the service installings can do jobs. These jobs can be in footings of the demand to hold re-route services within the structural elements or the intent of go throughing through those elements ( Luraghi 2008 ) . Both structural and non-structural integrating methods should be considered. The followers are some of the infinites and divisions that an designer needs to see. They should be installed so as to supply entree to a edifice roof. The installing and design of the anchorage and the fond regard system for the ladders should be described in MMAH standard supplementary. Fuel-fired contraptions should be installed in service suites from the building’s balance by fire separations with the fire evaluation opposition which is non less than one hr. A more than 600 mm high roof infinite needs to be provided with floor entree instantly before the opening that is non less than 550 millimeters by 990 millimeters or by a staircase. It consists of canal infinites and ceiling. which is more than 600mm broad and 1200mm high. shall hold review doors. It should non be less than 300mm in both perpendicular and horizontal dimensions placed so that the full infinite or canal inside can be viewed ( Kuzio 2009 ) . A cloth is a material construction choice. technology. proper design. installing and fiction of all work together to guarantee a sound construction ( Foster 2010 ) . The function of stuff in the structure’s public presentation makes the choice procedure of import. This is true peculiarly with air-supported and tensile constructions because their frames. every bit good as their membranes carry the burden. Membrane stuffs Fabrics are typically laminated and coated with man-made stuffs for environmental opposition and greater strength. Most of the widely used stuffs are polyester coated or laminated with PVC. woven fibreglass that is coated with silicone or Teflon ( PTFE ) . Films. Meshes and other stuffs besides have appropriate applications. Polyesters It is the most often base stuff used due to its cost. lastingness. strength and stretch. They are coated or laminated with PVC movies and therefore they are the least expensive for long-run fictions. Laminates consist of vinyl movies over knitted or woven polyester meshes. Coated cloths typically use a high-tensile. high-count coated cloth with a bindable substance at the base for excess strength. Lighter cloths are normally used insulated and acoustic line drives suspended beneath an envelope of a construction. For long-run exterior application. heavier stuffs are needed: cloths with top coatings of PVF or PVDF ( Zhu 2011 ) . These top coatings are responsible with supplying a protective coating to defy environmental debasement. Vinyl-coated polyester It is a common cloth used when bring forthing flexible constructions. such as canopies. paseos. custom-designed sunshades. smaller air-supported constructions. collapsible shelter hall and light member-framed constructions ( ManCuso 2012 ) . Properties of edifice stuffs Group Properties Physical Shape. Density. Size. Specific Gravity etc. . Mechanical Strength. Plasticity. Elasticity. Toughness. Hardness. Ductility. Brittleness. Stiffness. Creep. Impact Strength. Fatigue etc. . Thermal Thermal conduction. Thermal capacity. Thermal electric resistance. etc. . Chemical Corrosion opposition. Acidity. Chemical composing. Alkalinity etc. . Optical Colour. Light transmittal. Light contemplation etc. . Acoustic Sound soaking up. Contemplation and Transmission. Physiochemical Hygroscopicity. Swell and Shrinkage due to moisture alterations 3. 2 Comparison of materials/techniques used in building The usage of steel in the residential building and lodging sector has grown quickly over the last 10 old ages. This has been facilitated due to the turning grasp of the public presentation benefits originating from the nature of the off-site of the building procedure. which is peculiarly of import in mixed-use or urban edifices. Steel building engineerings of an off-site addition the velocity of building and better the concluding quality of the edifice. and can add points to the Code for Sustainable Homes. The chief steel market in this country is in multi-storey residential edifices. and largely mix-use edifices. Domestic edifices versus industrial edifices A edifice classified as domestic is one which an person uses as a dwelling topographic point and provides separate household life quarters for separate household units ( Richardson 2008 ) . On the other manus. edifice non used in connexion with a abode and non located on the same package as a abode. it is classified as industrial belongings. Most of the industrial/commercial edifices have been utilizing pre-fabricated building such as ceiling panels. prefab wall panels. shocking system and gypsum boards to make insides of offices ( Domone 2008 ) . Prefab stuffs provide the option of buildings’ customizing for specific demands such as H2O and fire opposition and soundproofing. However. single proprietors of places have non yet gained adequate assurance with prefab building. This increases its demand for commercial infinites and from big developers but usage by persons in their places is yet to derive popularity. 4. 0 Critical reappraisal of how building constructions perform Organization construction may be considered the organization’s anatomy. supplying the foundation in which the organisation maps. Hall ( 1977 ) noted from simple observation that an organisational construction affects its members’ behaviour. The peculiar building’s construction is a major determiner of the people’s activities within it. Hall suggested two basic maps of the construction each of which may impact organisational public presentation or single behaviour within the industry. First. they are designed at least to minimise or modulate single variations’ influence on the organisation ( Brown and London 2000 ) . Organizational construction is besides the scene in which determinations are made. power is exercised. and organization’s activities carried out. Van de Ven ( 1976 ) highlighted the structure’s importance both at the fractional monetary unit degrees and the organisation for the public presentation of organisations. Decision Construction engineering produces goods and provides services at the same clip. The building procedure is holding low predictability and is extremely unsure. Many intermediate points are integrated and created by human operations with low standardisation. mechanisation and mechanization. The benefits of building engineering include high flexibleness. zero stock. and satisfactory societal demands. As these benefits appreciated. industry that is responsible with building should see bettering integrating of building occupation site activities. Therefore. we should analyze and understand the building engineering basically earlier consecutive e-construction plans and building mechanization. Mentions Altenbach. H. ( 2013 ) . Advanced stuffs patterning for constructions. Berlin: Springer. Brophy. V. . A ; Lewis. J. O. ( 2011 ) . A green Vitruvius: rules and pattern of sustainable architectural design ( 2nd ed. ) . London: Earthscan. Domone. P. L. . A ; Illston. J. M. ( 2010 ) . Construction stuffs: their nature and behavior ( 4th ed. ) . Milton Park. Abingdon. Oxon: Spon Press. Foster. J. S. ( 2010 ) . Structure and cloth ( 6th ed. ) . Harlow: Longman Scientific A ; Technical. Grondzik. W. T. ( 2008 ) . Principles of edifice commissioning. Hoboken. New jersey: J. Wiley A ; Sons. Kuzio. T. . Kravchuk. R. S. . A ; Anieri. P. J. ( 2009 ) . State and establishment edifice in Ukraine. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Leatherbarrow. D. ( 2009 ) . Architecture oriented otherwise. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Luraghi. N. ( 2008 ) . The ancient Messenians: buildings of ethnicity and memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mancuso. C. ( 2012 ) . Unsaturated soils research and applications. Berlin: Springer. Sabnis. G. M. ( 2011 ) . Green constructing with concrete: sustainable design and building. Boca Raton. Florida: CRC Press. Sarkar. S. K. . A ; Saraswati. S. ( 2008 ) . Construction engineering. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Zhu. Y. ( 2011 ) . Calculating in civil technology proceedings of the 2011 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering. June 19-22. 2011. Miami. Florida. Reston. Va. : American Society of Civil Engineers. Gunn. S. ( 2012 ) . Stone House Construction. Melbourne: CSIRO Pub. . Hearn. L. . A ; Gray. K. r. ( 2012 ) . Across the nightingale floor / [ sound entering ] ( Unabridged. erectile dysfunction. ) . Minneapolis. Manganese: HighBridge. Koerner. R. M. ( 2005 ) . Geosynthetics Research and Development in Progress ( GRI-18 ) Geo-Frontiers 2005. Reston. Va. : American Society of Civil Engineers. Li. Z. ( 2011 ) . Advanced concrete engineering. Hoboken. N. J. : Wiley. Baronial. J. A. ( 2011 ) . African individuality in post-apartheid public architecture: white tegument. black masks. Farnham: Ashgate Pub. . Planing entreaty by Corum Scotland Ltd: installing of air conditioning cassettes to roof degree at 82 Hyndland Road. Glasgow: [ missive ] . ( 2010 ) . Falkirk: Inquiry Reporters Unit. Quinn. J. ( 2008 ) . An Evaluation of the Eclypse ESP Hand-Held Standing Wave Reflectometer. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center. Beginning papers

International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Trade - Essay Example Up course it not new phenomena, instead similar strategies have been pursued by countries from the past few years (1). Countries were taking steps to reduce trade barriers such as tariffs to encourage trade, and opening their markets to the world and gain maximum advantage of it. If we go through the modern history, we can see that there was a shift in world trading system among bilateralism, regionalism and multilateralism. In the late 19th and the early 20th century, there was a dominance of bilateral trading system as the trade agreements were negotiated on a bilateral basis between individual countries. Such activities were initiated by England in the 1860s and 1870s as it pushed its trading partners to sign trade agreements. But, after Second World War, trade at multilateral and regional level was gained importance in place of bilateral system. During the period 1940-1990, multilateral trade system gets importance as more and more nations joined the GATT or its successor, the WT O. But, in contrast post 1990 period once again witnessed the dominance of bilateralism which is dubbed as the failure of WTO negotiations at the 1999 Seattle ministerial conference. In addition, regional trade agreements were also gets importance during the period (2). ... ountervailing duties, taxes, environmental, health and safety certification requirements, duties, anti dumping measures, laws, quotas, customs, and licensees are the main hurdles in the way of international trade. Generally, these trade barriers were necessary for countries to protect domestic producers from foreign competition. But, in modern years, international organisations such as WTO were introduced several measures for improving free trade, and as a result the role played by tariffs in international trade has been declined. World Trade Organisation, which came in place of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) generally, deals with regulation of trade between the participating countries. Countries are using barriers in these days to evade free trade rules framed by international trade agreements such as WTO, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), or European Union (EU) as they restrict the use of tariffs. Moreover, usage of these barriers in international trade ha s been raised sharply after the WTO rules led to a very significant reduction in tariff use. Sometimes countries voluntarily restrict imports of goods from outside as a safe guarding measure in limiting the competition that domestic industries have to face from the imported goods. Some times it is a retaliation technique for countries in case they think that a trading partner has not played by the rules. Many a time’s governments intervened in international trade to safe guard their national security. Generally, almost all countries arranged their defence system from military attack and they cannot leave it to the private sector as the national security is a public issue. So, this is a major issue for any country, and taken into account whenever it starts trade with other trade barriers

IT Systems Strategy Of A Company Research Paper

IT Systems Strategy Of A Company - Research Paper Example In the context of current market trends, the increase of a firm’s profitability cannot be achieved without a radical change in the methods used for managing information across the particular organization. The development of information as an element of competitive advantage is, primarily, the result of the continuous improvement of technology involved in various organizational activities. Under these terms, the firms, which are interested in achieving a long-term growth, need to ensure that they are able to capture, process and transmit information across all their departments. The above issue is set under examination in this paper. Reference is made to a particular firm, Microsoft UK. The information management practices of the above firm are evaluated emphasizing on the following issues: a) the effects of a potential information audit, b) the relationship between the organizational structure/ culture and the information management policies used by the organization and c) the value of competitive intelligence for the development of organizational performance. It is concluded that the development of the firm’s existing information management policies would help the firm to increase its competitiveness within the global market; moreover, the incorporation of effective competitive intelligence methods would also support the achievement of the above target. However, the firm’s existing structure and culture would need to be reviewed and updated supporting more effectively the relevant efforts of the organization. 2. Key issues that would be likely to emerge if an information audit were to be conducted for Microsoft UK In order to identify the effects of a potential information audit in Microsoft it would be necessary to refer primarily to the common needs and benefits of the particular process as developed in firms internationally. In accordance with Dube et al. (2005) information audit results to a series of benefits for the organization invo lved: the most important benefit of information audit is the improvement of a firm’s existing control systems (Dube et al 2005, p.12); moreover, information audit helps to identify the problems of a firm’s information management policies and to suggest information management processes which are more appropriate for the particular organization (Dube et al. 2005, p.12). However, despite its value for the organizational performance, information audit is a rather costly process (Lipman et al 2006, p.66). In this context, the ability of a firm to cover the relevant expenses cannot be guaranteed. In the case of Microsoft, no such problem is expected; the firm’s financial status allows for such initiatives; however, another issue would occur: is the information audit process attempted in Microsoft well planned? If the relevant plan is not carefully developed, the risk of a failure would be extremely high. From a different point of view, the success of information audit has been related to the IS skills of the employees engaged in the specific process; this is an issue highlighted in the study of Coderre (2009). For Microsoft, the above issue is not important; the firm’s employees are